Back and Neck Injury Symptoms: A Brief Introduction to Whiplash

What is whiplash?

Whiplash is a soft tissue injury to the neck. Whiplash is also called neck strain or neck pain. It is characterized by a collection of symptoms that occur following damage to the neck, usually because of sudden extension and flexion. This condition  commonly occurs as the result of an automobile accident and may include injury to intervertebral joints, discs, and ligaments, cervical muscles, and nerve roots. Symptoms such as neck pain may be present directly after the injury or may be delayed for several days. In addition to neck pain, other symptoms may include:

• headache
• injuries to the muscles and ligaments (myofascial injuries),
• neck stiffness
• dizziness,
• abnormal sensations such as burning or prickling (paresthesias),
• shoulder or back pain.

In addition, some people experience cognitive, somatic, or psychological conditions such as:

• memory loss,
• concentration impairment,
• nervousness/irritability,
• sleep disturbances,
• fatigue or;
• depression.

Is there any treatment for whiplash?

Treatment for individuals with whiplash may include pain medications, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidepressants, muscle relaxants, and a cervical collar (usually worn for 2 to 3 weeks). Range of motion exercises, physical therapy, and cervical traction may also be prescribed. Supplemental heat application may relieve muscle tension.

What is the prognosis for whiplash?

Generally, prognosis for individuals with whiplash is good. The neck and head pain clears within a few days or weeks. Most patients recover within 3 months after the injury, however, some may continue to have residual neck pain and headaches.

What research is being done for whiplash?

The NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) conducts and supports research on trauma-related disorders such as whiplash. Much of this research focuses on increasing scientific understanding of these disorders and finding ways to prevent and treat them.

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